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The basic idea of Electro Fine Forming technology is similar to that of conventional electroplating. A nickel
plating solution is kept at the optimal temperature by a heating element. The anode is attached to the metal
pellet for plating, while the cathode is attached to the target material. When electricity is applied, the
metal pellets on the anode begin ionizing into the solution and start to deposit onto the target material. (Figure
1) Usually the plating on these items is thicker than most plating since they are used as metal molds and/or
some vital parts. Figure 2 illustrates the processes of Electro Fine Forming. As opposed to the conventional
etching procedures where forming of a hole is accomplished by corroding a part of the plating, in Electro Fine
Forming the holes are formed in advance utilizing precision patterning. Then the terminals are formed by advanced
precision electroplating around the holes afterward. This method has more advantages than simply the precise
forming of terminals..
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| Figure 1 Basic Principle of EFF |
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| Figure 2 EFF Processes Summary |
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| EF2 Process |
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| Conventional Etching Process |
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EF2 Process |
Etching Process |
| 1. Thickness |
10μm-500μm customizable |
Difficult/expensive to customize |
| 2. Tolerance |
±8% |
Up to venders, normally ±13% at 150μm |
| 3. Precision process |
Through-hole diameters |
Up to 30-60% of laminate |
Approximate thickness of laminate |
| Rib width |
Up to 40-60% of laminate |
80% of laminate |
| 4. Through-hole diameter precision |

For specified dimensions
Base side: Within±10% of laminate
Plated side: Laminate + 5-15μm*1 |

For specified dimensions
±15% of the specified dimension at the narrowest |
| 5. Hardness |
Hv 450-500 |
Approx. Hv 200 |
| 6. Printablity |
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| *1 Glass strain can be up to ±5%. |
- Electroplate metal deposition is proportional to the electrical current, resulting in a uniform deposition
of metal per unit area.
- Because of this, a larger surface will have thinner plating than a smaller surface area.
- By providing "Stay" "Land," pattern-less area, to be plated for compensating this effect.
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| No Stay Land = Uneven plating |
Stay Land = Even plating |
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