Safety Instructions This battery contains lithium, organic solvents, and other combustible materials.  For this reason, improper handling of the battery could lead to distortion, leakage*, overheating, explosion, or fire, causing bodily injury or equipment trouble.  Please observe the following instructions to prevent accidents. * Leakage is defined as the unintentional escape of a liquid from a battery.   — Handling   • Never swallow. Always keep the battery out of the reach of infants and young children to prevent it from being swallowed.  If swallowed, consult a physician immediately. • Do not replace. Depending on the battery manufacturer, there might be major differences in performance even among the same types or models of batteries.  If you are an equipment manufacturer and need to replace the battery, please use a new one of the same type and same model as the existing one.  Because this is a rechargeable battery, its characteristics are completely different from a primary battery even though their shapes are alike.  If a primary battery is installed in the circuit in place of a rechargeable battery, gas could be generated or the primary battery could be short-circuited by charging.  This could lead to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.  Please design your equipment so that the end user cannot replace the battery by mistake. • Never use two or more batteries connected in series or in parallel. If batteries are connected together, it is very difficult to design a circuit to observe whether or not the batteries are charged at specified voltage or current as described in "Warning -Circuit Design". • Never reverse the positive and negative terminals when mounting. Improper mounting of the battery could lead to equipment trouble or short-circuiting.  This could cause distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never short-circuit the battery. Do not allow the positive and negative terminals to short-circuit.  Never carry or store the battery with metal objects such as a necklace or hairpin.  Please be careful when installing the battery not to short-circuit it with metal portions of the equipment.  Otherwise, this could lead to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never heat. Heating the battery to more than 100 deg. C could increase the internal pressure, causing distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never expose to open flames. Exposing to flames could cause the lithium metal to melt, causing the battery to catch on fire and explode. • Never disassemble the battery. Do not disassemble the battery, because the separator or gasket could be damaged, leading to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never weld the terminals or solder a wire to the body of the battery directly. The heat of welding or soldering could cause the lithium to melt or cause damage to the insulating material in the battery, leading to possible distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.  When soldering the battery directly to equipment, solder only the tabs or leads.  Even then, the temperature of the soldering iron must be below 350 deg. C and the soldering time less than 5 seconds.  Do not use a soldering bath, because the circuit board with battery attached could stop moving or the battery could drop into the bath.  Moreover, do not use excessive solder, because the solder could flow to unwanted portions of the board, leading to a short-circuit or charging of the battery. • Never allow liquid leaking from the battery to get in your eyes or mouth. Because this liquid could cause serious damage, if it does come in contact with your eyes, flush them immediately with plenty of water and consult a physician.  Likewise, if the liquid gets in your mouth, rinse immediately with plenty of water and consult a physician. • Keep leaking batteries away from fire. If leakage is suspected or you detect a strange odor, keep the battery away from fire, because the leaked liquid could catch on fire. • Never touch the battery electrodes. Do not allow the battery electrodes to come in contact with your skin or fingers.  Otherwise, the moisture from your skin could cause a discharge of the battery, which could produce certain chemical substances causing you to receive a chemical burn.   — Circuit Design   • Never set the charge voltage above 3.3V. Charging at a higher voltage could cause the generation of gas, internal short-circuiting, or other malfunctions, leading to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.  For details, see the recommended circuits in the figure below. • Always charge at the nominal currents shown below. Large surges of current could degrade the battery's characteristics, leading to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.  To avoid excessive current at the initiation of charging, make sure to attach a protective resistor for current control.  See the recommended circuits below. Table 1 Nominal Charge Current by Model Model ML2032 ML2016 ML1220 Charge Current 2mA or lower 2mA or lower 1mA or lower • Recommended circuits Please refer to the representative basic circuits shown below.  If you have any questions about circuit design, please feel free to cantact Maxell. Table 2 Example of resistors Model Output Voltage of Voltage Regulator 3.1V 3.2V ML2032 > 550 ohm > 600 ohm ML2016 > 550 ohm > 600 ohm ML1220 > 1.1K ohm > 1.2K ohm • How to select the protective resistor for the current control The maximum charge current flows in the battery when charged at an end voltage of 2V.  Therefore, the value of resistor is calculated using this equation: (R) ((Output Voltage of Voltage Regulator) - 2) / (Nominal Charge Current) For example, the S-812C series, which has a maximum input voltage of 18V, or the S-817 series with a maximum input voltage of 10V (Seiko Instruments Inc.) can be used as a voltage regulator.   Note 1: If the main power source voltage is stable, the charge voltage can be allotted from main power source divided by the combination of resistors.   Note 2: Because the battery height must be changed by the charge and discharge cycle, place a minimum of 1mm of space between the battery and device or chassis.   — Disposal   The battery may be regulated by national or local regulation.  Please follow the instructions of proper regulation.  As electric capacity is left in a discarded battery and it comes into contact with other metals, it could lead to distortion, leakage, overheating, or explosion, so make sure to cover the (+) and (-) terminals with friction tape or some other insulator before disposal.   — Handling/Storage   • Use within the rated temperature range of - 20 to + 60 deg C. Otherwise, the battery's charge and discharge characteristics may be reduced. • Never expose the battery to ultrasonic sound. Exposing the battery to ultrasonic sound may cause short-circuiting because the inside material is broken into pieces, leading to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never subject the battery to severe shock. Dropping, throwing, or stomping on the battery may cause distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never use or leave the battery in a hot place such as under the direct rays of the sun or in a car in hot weather. If you do, this may cause distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never allow the battery to come in contact with water. If it does, this may cause the battery to rust or lead to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Never store the battery in a hot and highly humid environment. Doing so may cause the performance of the battery to deteriorate.  In certain environments, this may lead to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. • Data and dimensions are not guaranteed but reference values.  For further details, please contact us at your nearest Maxell office. • Contents on this website are subject to change without notice.