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| 1) |
Primary battery |
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Source of electrical energy obtained by the direct conversion of chemical energy and not designed to be charged
by any other electrical source. |
| 2) |
Rechargeable battery (Secondary battery) |
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Source of electrical energy obtained by the direct conversion of chemical energy designed to be charged by
any other electrical source. It is also called a storage battery or accumulator. |
| 3) |
Open circuit voltage (OCV) |
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Voltage across the terminals of a battery when no external current is flowing. |
| 4) |
Closed circuit voltage (CCV) |
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Voltage across the terminals of a battery when it is on discharge.
As a battery has an internal resistance, CCV is lower than OCV and CCV becomes lower with a range of current. |
| 5) |
Nominal voltage |
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Suitable approximate value of voltage used to identify the voltage of a battery.
| For example) |
Alkaline manganese battery; 1.5V |
| |
Lithium manganese dioxide battery; 3.0V |
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| 6) |
Load |
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External device or method through which a battery is discharged. |
| 7) |
End-point voltage (End voltage, Cutoff voltage, Final voltage) |
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Specified closed circuit voltage at which a service output test is terminated. |
| 8) |
Internal resistance |
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Resistant component in a battery that makes discharge reaction slow. |
| 9) |
Discharge |
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Operation during which a battery delivers current to an external circuit. |
| 10) |
Over discharge |
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Continue to discharge after a battery voltage drops below its end-point voltage. |
| 11) |
Self discharge |
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Decreasing capacity during storage without load, caused by chemical reaction in a battery. The higher the temperature
during storage, the greater the rate of self discharge. |
| 12) |
Discharge characteristics (Discharge curve) |
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Change of a battery voltage with discharge. |
| 13) |
Charge |
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Operation during which a reverse reaction of discharge occurs when electrical energy is received from an external
source. |
| 14) |
Polarization |
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Voltage deviation from equilibrium caused by charge or discharge. |
| 15) |
Duration time (Duration period ) |
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Time until a battery voltage exceeds the end-point voltage during discharge. |
| 16) |
Capacity |
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Capacity (Ah, mAh) is the product of the discharge current (A, mA) and discharge time (h).
Note: Because manganese dry batteries and alkaline manganese batteries are often used for heavy-duty applications,
the discharge time at a specific load is usually mentioned instead of the capacity. |
| 17) |
Energy Density |
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Usable energy of a battery per unit volume or unit weight. The former is called volumetric energy density (Wh/l);
the latter gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg). |
| 18) |
Initial test |
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Test conducted within 2 months of the production month. |
| 19) |
Storage |
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Store the battery under specified conditions. |
| 20) |
Test after storage |
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Test conducted within 2 weeks after storage. |
| 21) |
Aging |
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A finished or semi-finished battery is store under specified conditions for a specified period. |
| 22) |
Expiry date |
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Expiration of guarantee period of a primary battery determined by each manufacturer conforming to the IEC.
Because a secondary battery can be used over again by charging, it is unnecessary to show this. |
| Note: |
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization of standardization comprised of
all national electrotechnical committees. |
| 23) |
Active material |
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Electrode materials in a battery which cause an electrochemical reaction to generate electricity. |
| Ex) |
| Battery |
Positive material |
Negative material |
| LR |
Manganese Dioxide |
Zinc |
| CR |
Manganese Dioxide |
Lithium |
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| 24) |
Electrolyte |
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Medium in a battery which causes ions to move to create an electrochemical reaction. Either water or non-aqueous
solution is used as solvent. The latter is called non-aqueous electrolyte solution, either organic or inorganic. |
| 25) |
Utilization factor |
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Ratio of usable capacity against theoretical capacity. |
| 26) |
Leakage resistance |
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Enduring characteristics against leakage. |
| 27) |
Short circuit current |
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Surges of current across the terminals of a battery when it is short-circuited. |
| 28) |
Internal short circuit |
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Direct contact electrically between the positive electrode and negative electrode caused by damage to the separator
or gasket, or the presence of a conductor piercing the separators. A battery will become completely exhausted
before use. |
| • |
Data and dimensions are not guaranteed but reference values. For further details, please contact us at
your nearest Maxell office. |
| • |
Contents on this website are subject to change without notice. |
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